01 - Preheat the oven to 375°F. Grease a standard 12-cup muffin tin generously or line with paper liners.
02 - Toss the diced rhubarb with ½ cup sugar and 2 tablespoons melted butter in a medium bowl until evenly coated. Spoon a heaping tablespoon of the mixture into the bottom of each muffin cup, pressing lightly to form an even layer.
03 - In a large mixing bowl, whisk together the flour, remaining ½ cup sugar, baking powder, baking soda, and salt until well distributed.
04 - In a separate bowl, whisk the cooled melted butter, egg, buttermilk, and vanilla extract until smooth and homogeneous.
05 - Pour the wet ingredients into the dry mixture and fold gently with a spatula just until no dry pockets remain. Avoid overmixing to keep the muffins tender.
06 - Divide the batter evenly among the 12 muffin cups, spooning it directly over the rhubarb layer. Smooth the tops lightly.
07 - Bake for 22 to 25 minutes, rotating the pan halfway through, until a toothpick inserted into the center of a muffin comes out clean and the tops are golden.
08 - Let the muffins rest in the pan for 5 minutes. Run a butter knife around the edge of each muffin, then place a wire rack over the pan and invert together so the rhubarb side faces up. Serve slightly warm or at room temperature.